The Hemoglobinopathy Laboratory at the Department of Human and Clinical Genetics at the Leiden University Medical Center, led by Dr. P. C. Giordano and Dr. C.L. Harteveld, is the Dutch reference laboratory for research, diagnostics and prevention of the haemoglobinopathies. The laboratory has to deal with a heterogenous target population, in which many different haemoglobinopathic mutations occur, and has a good international reputation in the analysis, at the haematological, biochemical, and molecular level, of α- and β-globin-gene defects. It has further been successful in the development of technologies, and in the introduction of primary prevention protocols in the health systems of immigration countries.