Prof. Locatelli's s group in Pavia runs the largest programme of childhood allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in Italy and has made important contributions to the field. All types of allograft (i.e. cord blood transplants, T-cell-depleted transplants from relatives partially matched for human leukocyte antigen [HLA], HLA-matched unrelated-donor transplants) are routinely employed in the treatment of children with malignant or non-malignant disorders.

The IRCCS is credited as one of the most qualified centres worldwide in paediatric HSCT and adoptive immunotherapy for prevention and treatment of both leukaemia relapse and infectious complications occurring in immunocompromised individuals. In particular, Professor Locatelli's laboratory pioneered the use of cord-blood transplants in Italy and is now one of the most experienced European laboratories in this field. In addition, the group provided seminal contributions in the study of immune reconstitution, tumour immunology, induction of tolerance towards alloantigens and anti-viral cellular immunity in childhood allogeneic HSCT, improving the knowledge of the fundamental milestones in this type of therapy. In the Pavia unit, the largest number of children with haemoglobinopathies in the world have received a cord-blood transplant from an HLA-identical sibling. Moreover, the group is a key player in the establishment of unrelated-donor HSCT. The results of these approaches have recently been published in high-impact journals.

Prof. Locatelli is also involved in new approaches for optimizing conventional treatment in patients with thalassaemia.